Common verbs in assignment titles and what they mean
Here are some words you will find in your reading, and in particular in the titles of assignments in the course. You may find it helpful to understand more clearly what the words actually imply:
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Analyse |
Resolve into its component parts. Examine critically or minutely |
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Assess |
Determine the value of |
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Compare |
Look for similarities and differences between. Try to reach a conclusion about which is preferable and justify that conclusion |
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Contrast |
Set in opposition in order to bring out the differences sharply |
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Compare and contrast |
Find some points of common ground between x and y, and show where/how they differ |
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Criticise |
Make a judgement (backed by a discussion of the evidence of reasoning involved) about the merit of theories or opinions or the truth of “facts” |
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Define |
State the exact meaning of a word or phrase. In some cases, it is necessary to examine different possible definitions |
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Describe |
Give a detailed account of |
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Discuss |
Explain, then give two sides of the issue and any implications |
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Evaluate |
Make an appraisal of the validity/effectiveness of something |
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Explain |
Give details about how and why |
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Illustrate |
Make clear and explicit – use carefully chosen examples |
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Justify |
Show adequate grounds for decisions or conclusions. Answer the main objections likely to be made about them |
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Outline |
Give the main features or general principles of a subject, omitting minor details and emphasizing structure |
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State |
Present in a brief, clear form |
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Summarize |
Give a concise, clear explanation – present chief factors |
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To what extent |
Weigh up the evidence/arguments for and against |